From the very beginning of the introduction of
Pakistan, the countrywide leadership of Pakistan has followed a centralized
policy of cultural mixing. The strain of this policy is felt more in East
Bengal and East Pakistan than in West Pakistan. now not most effective in the
cultural sphere, but additionally in other spheres of life, the relevant
management starts offevolved behaving like a stepmother. This brought about
extreme frustration the various adolescents network, intellectuals and,
specifically, the majority in East Pakistan, growing a repressed
dissatisfaction. And this frustration and dissatisfaction spread intensely and
extensively focused on the language movement. despite the fact that Pakistan
become at first an Islamic kingdom based on religious grounds on the basis of
biracialism, it had no unmarried ideological link in its social device. this is
because of the linguistic war among East and West Pakistan. because of this the
humans of East Pakistan may want to in no way feel harmony with the basic
ideology of Pakistan. this is why, immediately after the advent of Pakistan, in
September 1947, a language movement became started out in East Bengal via a
social and cultural enterprise known as 'Tamaddun Majlis' underneath the
leadership of Abul Qasim, a young professor of Dhaka university. The effect of
this movement may be seen inside the lengthy political records of Bengal and
its a hit final results changed into unbiased sovereign Bangladesh.
Historical background OF THE LANGUAGE motion: The
seeds of an unforgettable event had been sown within the national records of
Bengal right now after the establishment of Pakistan whilst efforts have been
made to impose Urdu as the state language in a very undemocratic way notwithstanding
Bengali being the mother tongue of majority human beings. in this context, on
16 August 1947, simply 17 days after the independence of Pakistan, a
three-member Tamaddun Majlis was shaped on 1 September below the management of
Abul Qasim, a younger professor at Dhaka university. In truth, the opposite two
former members of this employer have been Syed Nazrul Islam and Shamsul Alam.
From its inception, the company has been elevating the call for to make Bengali
the kingdom language. however the human beings in energy in Pakistan have been
inclined to simply accept this call for. The language motion in Pakistan
commenced with the unilateral decision of the Pakistani ruling elegance on
language and the desire and zeal to impose that selection at the Bengalis. The
Pakistani ruling magnificence sought to adopt Urdu because the most effective
country language of Pakistan; even though in reality the share of Urdu speaking
human beings was a whole lot less. the first degree of the language movement. A
important stage summit was held in Karachi in November 1948. The convention
decided to make Urdu the simplest state language of Pakistan. As a result,
robust protests commenced in East Bengal towards this decision. Opposing this
selection in January 1948, the first Rashtrabhasha Sangram Parishad was
fashioned in Dhaka and the coverage of peaceful movement was followed with a
few needs. The needs of this council were as follows
* Bengali language can be the most effective
approach of schooling in East Bengal and the principle medium of office-court.
* The state language of Pakistan could be two -
Bengali and Urdu
The second one stage of the language movement. At
the primary session of the Pakistan Constituent meeting on 23 February 1947,
participants of the Congress party, especially Dhirendranath Dutta of Comilla,
demanded using Bengali as well as English and Urdu. however the prime Minister
of Pakistan
Liaquat Ali Khan opposed this coverage and said-
(the mover) ought to realize that Pakistan has been
created due to the demand of a hundred million
Muslims inside the subcontinent, and the language of
100 million Muslims is Urdu.
supply: Constituent assembly of Pakistan Debates,
Vol-2, February 25, 1948, web page-17]
Because of this assertion of Liaquat Ali Khan, there
has been severe dissatisfaction some of the college students and intellectuals
in Dhaka and on 26 February a strike become discovered everywhere. accordingly,
Sangram Parishad saved the movement alive by protecting moves and hartals until
March 15. in the end the movement subsided when the then chief Minister Baja
Nazimuddin promised to help the Bengali language demand, however on 19 March
1948, Muhammad Ali Jinnah paid his first go to to East Pakistan and introduced
at a public meeting on the Ramna Racecourse in Dhaka that Urdu would be the
best state language of Pakistan. the country language of Pakistan). three days
later, whilst he repeated the equal declaration at the Dhaka college
convocation rite at Curzon hall, the scholars overtly protested, pronouncing
no, no, no. Later they went on strike stressful Bengali language. The Congress
contributors of the Constituent meeting additionally demanded identical repute
for Bengali and Urdu. Mohammad later
A discussion become held between Ali Jinnah and the
Muslim Chhatra League of East Pakistan. however this discussion turned into now
not fruitful in any respect. The crucial leadership of Pakistan resorted to
repressive guidelines to damage the demand for Bengali language and the
supporters of the language motion have been imprisoned. As a end result, a
typhoon of protests arose all round and the manner for the motion became
widened. scholar leaders and the human beings collectively called for a strike
at Dhaka university and other instructional institutions inside the us of a
annoying the discharge of the detained students. As a result, the demand for
Bengali language have become robust everywhere in the us of a. This induced the
Pakistani regime to take extra repressive measures.
The last level of the language motion:
* Nazimuddin's statement: interim of the basic
standards Committee in 1950 when the record turned into posted, it was rejected
via the scholars and the people of East Bengal. because in this record the
demands of the people of East Bengal for provincial autonomy, decentralization
of electricity and demands of Bengali language had been now not typical.
alternatively, it explicitly said that Urdu have to be the handiest country
language of Pakistan. In 1950, prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan and on January 30,
1952, Khwaja Nazimuddin once more made the same assertion that Urdu would be
the most effective kingdom language of Pakistan. As a end result, there has
been tremendous anger and frustration in the pupil-intellectual community and
the motion intensified. As a part of this movement, an all-out pupil strike
turned into located in Dhaka on 30 January.
* Rashtrabhasha Sangram Committee: An
all-celebration Rashtrabhasha Sangram Committee was shaped on 30 January 1952
at a public meeting to protest in opposition to the announcement of Urdu as the
nation language. The committee consisted of two members from Awami League, 2
members from East Pakistan Juba League, 2 participants from Khilafat Rabbani, 2
members from Chhatra League and a couple of contributors from college
Committee. The convener was Golam Mahbub. The committee decided to examine
February 21 as Language Day and a national strike.
* Historical procession and violation of segment a
hundred and forty four: On 21 February, the then Governor Nurul Amin Sarkar
issued section a hundred and forty four in Dhaka to thwart this system. however
the students and people of East Bengal were not scared of it. They continued
the struggle with none frown. In violation of section one hundred forty four
issued with the aid of the authorities, they took out a peaceful procession to
the then provincial constructing and determined that their call for would be to
elevate their call for for mom tongue, Bengali language. consistent with the
schedule, the procession proceeded from the front of the old Kala Bhaban of
Dhaka college and when the procession got here to the the front of Dhaka
scientific college, the police opened fireplace at the procession. As a end
result, the procession changed into dispersed and a few younger people fell to
their deaths instantaneous. Many unnamed students together with Rafiq, Barkat,
Salam, Jabbar died. In protest of this barbaric attack by using the
authorities, the fireplace of revolt changed into burning all over the united
states. college students as well as people from all walks of life took to the
streets in protest of the blood of the martyrs and a sturdy impossible to
resist movement became fashioned.
Popularity of Bengali as the country Language:
sooner or later, the authorities became pressured to bow down within the face
of strong protests from the humans of the us of a and an offer to briefly make
Bengali one of the nation languages changed into raised inside the Provincial
Council. The thought became followed unanimously. Then in Article 214 of the
1956 charter, if Bengali became given the repute of the kingdom language, the
victory of the Bengali kingdom changed into done.
Language motion and Globalization of Bengali
Language: On 21st February 1952, the bounds of the mother tongue Bengali, which
turned into acquired in alternate for the sparkling blood of our students, are
not limited to the country. at the opposite, Ekushey February and the
recognition of the language motion has unfold everywhere nowadays. This
self-sacrifice of the Bengali country for language has taught the world to
assume anew about the significance of mom tongue. On sixteen November 1999, the
overall assembly of the United countries academic, clinical and Cultural
corporation (UNESCO) identified Ekushey February, the bearer of our national
recognition, as global mom Language Day. today, humans from everywhere in the
world have declared their solidarity with the sacrifice of Bengalis for his or
her mother tongue. the worldwide repute that the Bengali language has received
these days in exchange for the blood of Salam, Barkat, Rafiq, Jabbar is
essentially a victory of our countrywide cognizance. The decision adopted by
means of UNESCO explains the need to study international mother Language Day,
saying that language is the maximum effective tool in keeping cultural
historical past. The creation of mom tongue will not handiest encourage
linguistic range and multi-lingual schooling, it's going to additionally help
in information the development of linguistic and cultural historical past. 193
international locations inclusive of Bangladesh are presently observing Ekushey
February as the worldwide mother Language Day. This achievement is a image of
one thousand dignity for the Bengali language and Bengalis. February 21 has
been identified as the worldwide Language Day and thru it the spirit of our
language movement has been connected with globalization and internationalism.
Our language movement today is not just the language movement of Bangladesh or
the Bengali country, no matter which country within the world actions to talk
their mom tongue, the movement for the established order of Bengali language
will encourage them. Immortal Ekushey has been diagnosed because the
international Language Day with incredible delight. The motion of the Bengali
kingdom for the established order of autonomy, self-willpower and self-willpower
from 'fifty two to the incredible liberation warfare of '71 is across the world
identified today. in this new century of globalization, our super Ekushey
February has added a brand new measurement. these days, February 21, is being
celebrated in a new way, in a new size, with a touch of internationalism. To
all countries of the arena, Bangladesh these days is a tangible symbol of the
language-primarily based national motion.
From the above dialogue it is clean that without
delay after the advent of Pakistan, the Pakistani ruling magnificence sought to
establish East Pakistan as their colony. in order to enforce that objective,
they first attacked the Bengali language. And in 1952, on the query of nation
language, the Bengali nation was the primary to engage in an instantaneous
conflict towards the Pakistani ruling class. Language stimulated with the aid
of the struggle for oscillation, the Bengali nation was capable of thwart each
conspiracy of the Pakistani ruling class. The bloody records of the language
motion has inspired every stage of the independence motion from 1952 to 1971.
The self-sacrifice of Banglamaya's youngsters for language has crossed the
borders of the united states of america and won reputation within the global
area these days. After being declared as an global mom tongue by UNESCO, the
glory of Bengali and Bengali language has spread to each nook of the world. At
gift approximately 300 million people inside the global speak Bengali. This is
not simplest the globalization of the Bengali language, however also the
victory of the Bengali nation. nowadays we can be pleased with the sacrifices
of our martyrs. The self-sacrifice of the martyrs of Bayanna will be a hit most
effective if the ideology of the language motion can be carried out in each
sphere of life.
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